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Belgium and Luxembourg

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Belgium

Luxembourg

The widest gap is Public spending on them: Luxembourg €64,412 against Belgium €28,373, 2.27× apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Belgium
Luxembourg

People

Median age2.3 years
42.1 years
39.8 years
Life expectancy at birth0.8 years
82.4 years
83.2 years
People17.43×
11.9m
682k
People per square kilometre48.0%
390 per km²
264 per km²
Women in the population0.9 points
50.6%
49.7%
Born abroad31.3 points
20.2%
51.5%
Born outside the EU6.9 points
12.1%
19.0%

Money and work

Disposable income per person59.9%
€31,299
€50,046
Average net income76.2%
€33,873
€59,681
Take-home pay, average-wage worker53.4%
€36,414
€55,877
Gross pay, average-wage worker40.7%
€59,544
€83,760
Minimum wage24.0%
€2,234
€2,771
In work, age 20 to 641.1 points
72.8%
73.9%
Out of work0.3 points
6.2%
6.5%
Hours worked a week1.5 hours
36.5 hours
38.0 hours
At risk of poverty3.9 points
10.9%
14.8%
Housing costs over 40% of income1.4 points
6.7%
8.1%
GDP per person2.42×
€53,930
€130,300

Family and home

People at home4.5%
2.2
2.3
Households with children1.0 points
32.0%
31.0%
Children per woman15.2%
1.44
1.25
Own their home6.8 points
70.9%
64.1%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds36.4%
534 per 100,000 people
392 per 100,000 people
Doctors18.2%
335 per 100,000 people
284 per 100,000 people
Nurses2.5%
1,179 per 100,000 people
1,208 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree8.2 points
47.5%
55.7%
Students per 1,000 people3.76×
46.6 per 1,000 people
12.4 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them2.27×
€28,373
€64,412
Tax raised per person2.30×
€24,108
€55,503
Government debt81.4 points
107.9%
26.5%

Country and infrastructure

Land area11.82×
30,667 km²
2,595 km²
Railway density13.3%
118.7 per 1,000 km²
104.8 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density11.6%
57.9 per 1,000 km²
64.6 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people30.2%
513 per 1,000 people
668 per 1,000 people
Households with internet4.4 points
94.7%
99.1%
Tourist nights per resident44.6%
3.79
5.48

Environment

Renewable energy5.3 points
14.9%
20.2%
Land under forest12.3 points
22.0%
34.3%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Belgium

Luxembourg

Function
Belgium
Luxembourg
13.2%
11.5%
2.4%
2.1%
3.2%
2.9%
11.9%
12.1%
2.1%
2.5%
0.7%
1.6%
14.8%
11.8%
2.3%
2.8%
11.7%
10.5%
37.7%
42.2%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Belgium and Luxembourg

  1. Where do more people live: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 17.43×: Belgium 11.9m, Luxembourg 682k. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. Eurostat · People & Women in the population · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which covers more ground: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 11.82×: Belgium 30,667, Luxembourg 2,595. Total area of the country, inland water included. Eurostat · Land area & People per square kilometre · 2026. See the figure

  3. Which government owes more: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 81.4 points: Belgium 107.9%, Luxembourg 26.5%. Consolidated gross debt of the general government, against GDP. Eurostat · Government debt · 2025. See the figure

  4. Where are there more university students per 1,000 people: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 3.76×: Belgium 46.6, Luxembourg 12.4. People in higher education, per 1,000 residents. Eurostat · University students & Students per 1,000 people · 2024. See the figure

  5. Where is GDP per person higher: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 2.42×: Luxembourg €130,300, Belgium €53,930. Gross domestic product at current market prices, divided by the population. Eurostat · GDP per person · 2025. See the figure

  6. Where were more residents born abroad: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 31.3 points: Luxembourg 51.5%, Belgium 20.2%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. Eurostat · Born abroad & Born outside the EU · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where is more tax raised per resident: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 2.30×: Luxembourg €55,503, Belgium €24,108. Taxes and net social contributions received by general government, per resident. Eurostat · Tax raised per person · 2025. See the figure

  8. Which has more forest: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 12.3 points: Luxembourg 34.3%, Belgium 22.0%. Share of the land area under forest. Eurostat · Land under forest · 2025. See the figure

  9. Where are there more hospital beds per 100,000 people: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 36.4%: Belgium 534, Luxembourg 392. Beds available in hospitals, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Hospital beds · 2025. See the figure

  10. Where are more children born per woman: Belgium or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 15.2%: Belgium 1.44, Luxembourg 1.25. Children a woman would bear over her life at today’s age-specific birth rates. Eurostat · Children per woman & Age at first child · 2024. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.