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Germany and Poland

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Germany

Poland

The widest gap is Housing costs over 40% of income: Germany 11.2% against Poland 4.1%, 7.1 points apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Germany
Poland

People

Median age2.1 years
45.5 years
43.4 years
Life expectancy at birth2.7 years
81.2 years
78.5 years
People2.29×
83.6m
36.5m
People per square kilometre99.2%
237 per km²
119 per km²
Women in the population1.0 points
50.7%
51.7%
Born abroad17.9 points
20.5%
2.6%
Born outside the EU11.1 points
13.0%
1.9%

Money and work

Disposable income per person2.01×
€28,891
€14,394
Average net income2.14×
€33,324
€15,588
Take-home pay, average-wage worker91.4%
€36,535
€19,086
Gross pay, average-wage worker2.18×
€58,008
€26,628
Minimum wage2.09×
€2,343
€1,119
In work, age 20 to 642.3 points
81.1%
78.8%
Out of work0.7 points
3.8%
3.1%
Hours worked a week5.1 hours
35.0 hours
40.1 hours
At risk of poverty2.9 points
16.1%
13.2%
Housing costs over 40% of income7.1 points
11.2%
4.1%
GDP per person2.20×
€54,240
€24,680

Family and home

People at home40.0%
2.0
2.8
Households with children8.4 points
23.4%
31.8%
Children per woman19.3%
1.36
1.14
Own their home40.0 points
47.2%
87.2%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds20.9%
759 per 100,000 people
628 per 100,000 people
Doctors23.4%
476 per 100,000 people
386 per 100,000 people
Nurses2.17×
1,237 per 100,000 people
570 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree4.6 points
35.4%
40.0%
Students per 1,000 people2.6%
39.2 per 1,000 people
38.2 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them2.24×
€25,639
€11,457
Tax raised per person2.43×
€21,194
€8,704
Government debt3.8 points
63.5%
59.7%

Country and infrastructure

Land area14.6%
357,569 km²
311,928 km²
Railway density71.9%
109.8 per 1,000 km²
63.9 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density6.08×
37.4 per 1,000 km²
6.2 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people7.8%
593 per 1,000 people
639 per 1,000 people
Households with internet2.6 points
93.6%
96.2%
Tourist nights per resident97.4%
5.27
2.67

Environment

Renewable energy5.2 points
23.9%
18.7%
Land under forest1.6 points
32.5%
30.9%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Germany

Poland

Function
Germany
Poland
13.0%
10.5%
2.7%
6.0%
3.3%
4.8%
11.0%
12.4%
1.2%
1.4%
1.0%
1.2%
15.4%
12.4%
2.2%
2.9%
9.1%
11.3%
41.3%
37.0%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Germany and Poland

  1. Where were more residents born abroad: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 17.9 points: Germany 20.5%, Poland 2.6%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. Eurostat · Born abroad & Born outside the EU · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which spends more on health per resident: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 2.77×: Germany €3,945, Poland €1,423. Hospitals, doctors, medicines and medical equipment, and public health programmes. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2024. See the figure

  3. Where do housing costs eat more of the income: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 7.1 points: Germany 11.2%, Poland 4.1%. Share whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income. Eurostat · Housing costs over 40% of income · 2025. See the figure

  4. Where is GDP per person higher: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 2.20×: Germany €54,240, Poland €24,680. Gross domestic product at current market prices, divided by the population. Eurostat · GDP per person · 2025. See the figure

  5. Which spends a larger share of its budget on defence: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 3.2 points: Poland 6.0%, Germany 2.7%. Armed forces, defence equipment, military aid abroad, and defence research. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2024. See the figure

  6. Where do more people own their home: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 40.0 points: Poland 87.2%, Germany 47.2%. Share of people living in a home owned by their household, mortgaged or outright. Eurostat · Own their home · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where is there more railway per 1,000 km²: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 71.9%: Germany 109.8, Poland 63.9. Railway line in use for every 1,000 square kilometres of the country. Eurostat · Railway network & Railway density · 2024. See the figure

  8. Where does more energy come from renewables: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 5.2 points: Germany 23.9%, Poland 18.7%. Share of final energy use that comes from renewable sources. Eurostat · Renewable energy · 2025. See the figure

  9. Where are there more doctors per 100,000 people: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 23.4%: Germany 476, Poland 386. Practising doctors, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Doctors · 2024. See the figure

  10. Where do more adults hold a degree: Germany or Poland?

    The gap is 4.6 points: Poland 40.0%, Germany 35.4%. Share of adults whose highest completed education is a university or other tertiary degree. Eurostat · With a degree · 2025. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.