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Estonia and the European Union

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Estonia

the European Union

The widest gap is Public spending on them: the European Union €19,707 against Estonia €12,742, 54.7% apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Estonia
the European Union

People

Median age2.0 years
42.9 years
44.9 years
Life expectancy at birth2.1 years
79.4 years
81.5 years
People328.94×
1.4m
450.6m
People per square kilometre3.46×
31.8 per km²
110 per km²
Women in the population1.5 points
52.6%
51.0%
Born abroad3.4 points
17.8%
14.4%
Born outside the EU5.5 points
15.9%
10.4%

Money and work

Disposable income per person33.8%
€17,146
€22,939
Average net income32.2%
€19,630
€25,952
Take-home pay, average-wage worker32.9%
€22,537
€29,954
Gross pay, average-wage worker48.7%
€29,364
€43,658
In work, age 20 to 645.6 points
81.7%
76.1%
Out of work1.5 points
7.5%
6.0%
Hours worked a week0.6 hours
37.9 hours
37.3 hours
At risk of poverty3.2 points
19.5%
16.3%
Housing costs over 40% of income1.1 points
8.8%
7.7%
GDP per person36.4%
€30,570
€41,700

Family and home

People at home9.5%
2.1
2.3
Households with children1.3 points
27.4%
28.7%
Children per woman13.6%
1.18
1.34
Own their home11.2 points
79.7%
68.5%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds22.9%
413 per 100,000 people
507 per 100,000 people
Doctors4.6%
357 per 100,000 people
374 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree5.2 points
42.1%
36.9%
Students per 1,000 people31.3%
32.3 per 1,000 people
42.4 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them54.7%
€12,742
€19,707
Tax raised per person44.9%
€11,178
€16,198
Government debt57.6 points
24.1%
81.7%

Country and infrastructure

Land area93.20×
45,336 km²
4,225,104 km²
Railway density80.7%
27.2 per 1,000 km²
49.1 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density3.45×
5.4 per 1,000 km²
18.6 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people1.9%
595 per 1,000 people
584 per 1,000 people
Households with internet0.6 points
95.4%
94.8%
Tourist nights per resident39.3%
4.83
6.73

Environment

Renewable energy16.1 points
42.3%
26.2%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Estonia

the European Union

Function
Estonia
the European Union
9.8%
12.4%
8.5%
3.0%
4.2%
3.5%
10.5%
10.8%
1.6%
1.7%
0.9%
1.5%
14.4%
15.0%
4.4%
2.4%
14.2%
9.7%
31.4%
40.0%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Estonia and the European Union

  1. Where do more people live: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 328.94×: the European Union 450.6m, Estonia 1.4m. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. demo_pjan · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which covers more ground: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 93.20×: the European Union 4,225,104, Estonia 45,336. Total area of the country, inland water included. reg_area3 · 2026. See the figure

  3. Which government owes more: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 57.6 points: the European Union 81.7%, Estonia 24.1%. Consolidated gross debt of the general government, against GDP. gov_10dd_edpt1 · 2025. See the figure

  4. Which is more crowded: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 3.46×: the European Union 110, Estonia 31.8. People per square kilometre of that total area. reg_area3 · 2026. See the figure

  5. Which spends a larger share of its budget on defence: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 5.5 points: Estonia 8.5%, the European Union 3.0%. Armed forces, defence equipment, military aid abroad, and defence research. gov_10a_exp · 2024. See the figure

  6. Where does more energy come from renewables: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 16.1 points: Estonia 42.3%, the European Union 26.2%. Share of final energy use that comes from renewable sources. nrg_ind_ren · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where is GDP per person higher: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 36.4%: the European Union €41,700, Estonia €30,570. Gross domestic product at current market prices, divided by the population. nama_10_pc · 2025. See the figure

  8. Where are there more university students per 1,000 people: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 31.3%: the European Union 42.4, Estonia 32.3. People in higher education, per 1,000 residents. educ_uoe_enrt01 · 2024. See the figure

  9. Where are there more hospital beds per 100,000 people: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 22.9%: the European Union 507, Estonia 413. Beds available in hospitals, per 100,000 residents. hlth_rs_bds1 · 2024. See the figure

  10. Where do more people own their home: Estonia or the European Union?

    The gap is 11.2 points: Estonia 79.7%, the European Union 68.5%. Share of people living in a home owned by their household, mortgaged or outright. ilc_lvho02 · 2025. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.