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Finland and Estonia

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Finland

Estonia

The widest gap is Public spending on them: Finland €28,440 against Estonia €12,742, 2.23× apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Finland
Estonia

People

Median age0.6 years
43.5 years
42.9 years
Life expectancy at birth2.8 years
82.2 years
79.4 years
People4.11×
5.6m
1.4m
People per square kilometre71.0%
18.6 per km²
31.8 per km²
Women in the population2.1 points
50.5%
52.6%
Born abroad7.8 points
10.0%
17.8%
Born outside the EU8.3 points
7.6%
15.9%

Money and work

Disposable income per person73.5%
€29,740
€17,146
Average net income70.3%
€33,430
€19,630
Take-home pay, average-wage worker67.2%
€37,690
€22,537
Gross pay, average-wage worker85.7%
€54,528
€29,364
In work, age 20 to 645.4 points
76.3%
81.7%
Out of work2.2 points
9.7%
7.5%
Hours worked a week1.5 hours
36.4 hours
37.9 hours
At risk of poverty6.1 points
13.4%
19.5%
Housing costs over 40% of income4.1 points
4.7%
8.8%
GDP per person63.1%
€49,850
€30,570

Family and home

People at home10.5%
1.9
2.1
Households with children6.3 points
21.1%
27.4%
Children per woman5.9%
1.25
1.18
Own their home12.8 points
66.9%
79.7%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds66.7%
248 per 100,000 people
413 per 100,000 people
Doctors3.1%
368 per 100,000 people
357 per 100,000 people
Nurses2.07×
1,399 per 100,000 people
675 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree0.6 points
42.7%
42.1%
Students per 1,000 people87.3%
60.5 per 1,000 people
32.3 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them2.23×
€28,440
€12,742
Tax raised per person86.4%
€20,834
€11,178
Government debt64.4 points
88.5%
24.1%

Country and infrastructure

Land area7.46×
338,363 km²
45,336 km²
Railway density39.2%
19.5 per 1,000 km²
27.2 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density72.5%
3.1 per 1,000 km²
5.4 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people12.8%
671 per 1,000 people
595 per 1,000 people
Households with internet2.2 points
97.6%
95.4%
Tourist nights per resident16.9%
4.13
4.83

Environment

Renewable energy10.7 points
53.0%
42.3%
Land under forest17.6 points
74.4%
56.8%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Finland

Estonia

Function
Finland
Estonia
12.4%
9.8%
2.7%
8.5%
2.3%
4.2%
8.4%
10.5%
0.4%
1.6%
0.9%
0.9%
13.4%
14.4%
2.9%
4.4%
10.8%
14.2%
45.8%
31.4%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Finland and Estonia

  1. Which covers more ground: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 7.46×: Finland 338,363, Estonia 45,336. Total area of the country, inland water included. Eurostat · Land area & People per square kilometre · 2026. See the figure

  2. Which spends a larger share on protecting the environment: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 1.2 points: Estonia 1.6%, Finland 0.4%. Waste and waste water, pollution control, biodiversity and landscape protection. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2024. See the figure

  3. Where do more people live: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 4.11×: Finland 5.6m, Estonia 1.4m. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. Eurostat · People & Women in the population · 2025. See the figure

  4. Which government owes more: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 64.4 points: Finland 88.5%, Estonia 24.1%. Consolidated gross debt of the general government, against GDP. Eurostat · Government debt · 2025. See the figure

  5. Which spends a larger share of its budget on defence: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 5.8 points: Estonia 8.5%, Finland 2.7%. Armed forces, defence equipment, military aid abroad, and defence research. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2024. See the figure

  6. Where do housing costs eat more of the income: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 4.1 points: Estonia 8.8%, Finland 4.7%. Share whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income. Eurostat · Housing costs over 40% of income · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where are there more university students per 1,000 people: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 87.3%: Finland 60.5, Estonia 32.3. People in higher education, per 1,000 residents. Eurostat · University students & Students per 1,000 people · 2024. See the figure

  8. Where are there more hospital beds per 100,000 people: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 66.7%: Estonia 413, Finland 248. Beds available in hospitals, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Hospital beds · 2024. See the figure

  9. Which has more forest: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 17.6 points: Finland 74.4%, Estonia 56.8%. Share of the land area under forest. Eurostat · Land under forest · 2025. See the figure

  10. Where do more households have children: Finland or Estonia?

    The gap is 6.3 points: Estonia 27.4%, Finland 21.1%. Share of private households with at least one dependent child. Eurostat · Households with children · 2025. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.