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Poland and Czechia

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Poland

Czechia

The widest gap is Housing costs over 40% of income: Czechia 8.2% against Poland 4.1%, 4.1 points apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Poland
Czechia

People

Median age0.9 years
43.4 years
44.3 years
Life expectancy at birth1.6 years
78.5 years
80.1 years
People3.35×
36.5m
10.9m
People per square kilometre18.9%
119 per km²
141 per km²
Women in the population0.7 points
51.7%
50.9%
Born abroad7.4 points
2.6%
10.0%
Born outside the EU5.3 points
1.9%
7.2%

Money and work

Disposable income per person5.6%
€14,394
€15,199
Average net income7.4%
€15,588
€16,735
Take-home pay, average-wage worker9.5%
€19,086
€20,901
Gross pay, average-wage worker0.5%
€26,628
€26,773
Minimum wage21.2%
€1,119
€923
In work, age 20 to 644.1 points
78.8%
82.9%
Out of work0.3 points
3.1%
2.8%
Hours worked a week0.8 hours
40.1 hours
39.3 hours
At risk of poverty3.6 points
13.2%
9.6%
Housing costs over 40% of income4.1 points
4.1%
8.2%
GDP per person29.2%
€24,680
€31,880

Family and home

People at home21.7%
2.8
2.3
Households with children1.3 points
31.8%
33.1%
Children per woman19.3%
1.14
1.36
Own their home12.1 points
87.2%
75.1%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds1.9%
628 per 100,000 people
640 per 100,000 people
Doctors11.4%
386 per 100,000 people
430 per 100,000 people
Nurses58.9%
570 per 100,000 people
906 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree11.3 points
40.0%
28.7%
Students per 1,000 people21.3%
38.2 per 1,000 people
31.5 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them10.1%
€11,457
€12,612
Tax raised per person18.5%
€8,704
€10,311
Government debt15.4 points
59.7%
44.3%

Country and infrastructure

Land area3.95×
311,928 km²
78,871 km²
Railway density92.9%
63.9 per 1,000 km²
123.2 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density3.13×
6.2 per 1,000 km²
19.3 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people2.9%
639 per 1,000 people
621 per 1,000 people
Households with internet0.7 points
96.2%
95.5%
Tourist nights per resident2.03×
2.67
5.42

Environment

Renewable energy0.4 points
18.7%
19.1%
Land under forest7.5 points
30.9%
38.4%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Poland

Czechia

Function
Poland
Czechia
10.5%
10.9%
6.0%
3.0%
4.8%
3.8%
12.4%
12.8%
1.4%
2.0%
1.2%
2.0%
12.4%
21.1%
2.9%
3.0%
11.3%
10.6%
37.0%
30.9%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Poland and Czechia

  1. Where were more residents born abroad: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 7.4 points: Czechia 10.0%, Poland 2.6%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. Eurostat · Born abroad & Born outside the EU · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which covers more ground: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 3.95×: Poland 311,928, Czechia 78,871. Total area of the country, inland water included. Eurostat · Land area & People per square kilometre · 2026. See the figure

  3. Where do more people live: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 3.35×: Poland 36.5m, Czechia 10.9m. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. Eurostat · People & Women in the population · 2025. See the figure

  4. Where do housing costs eat more of the income: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 4.1 points: Czechia 8.2%, Poland 4.1%. Share whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income. Eurostat · Housing costs over 40% of income · 2025. See the figure

  5. Which spends a larger share of its budget on defence: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 2.9 points: Poland 6.0%, Czechia 3.0%. Armed forces, defence equipment, military aid abroad, and defence research. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2024. See the figure

  6. Which spends more on health per resident: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 86.7%: Czechia €2,657, Poland €1,423. Hospitals, doctors, medicines and medical equipment, and public health programmes. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2024. See the figure

  7. Where do more adults hold a degree: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 11.3 points: Poland 40.0%, Czechia 28.7%. Share of adults whose highest completed education is a university or other tertiary degree. Eurostat · With a degree · 2025. See the figure

  8. Which has more forest: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 7.5 points: Czechia 38.4%, Poland 30.9%. Share of the land area under forest. Eurostat · Land under forest · 2025. See the figure

  9. Where do more people share a home: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 21.7%: Poland 2.8, Czechia 2.3. Average number of people living in a private household. Eurostat · People per household · 2025. See the figure

  10. Where are there more doctors per 100,000 people: Poland or Czechia?

    The gap is 11.4%: Czechia 430, Poland 386. Practising doctors, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Doctors · 2024. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.