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Bulgaria and Romania

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Bulgaria

Romania

The widest gap is With a degree: Bulgaria 35.7% against Romania 19.5%, 16.2 points apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Bulgaria
Romania

People

Median age3.2 years
47.3 years
44.1 years
Life expectancy at birth0.7 years
75.8 years
76.5 years
People2.96×
6.4m
19m
People per square kilometre39.0%
58.5 per km²
81.3 per km²
Women in the population0.7 points
51.9%
51.2%
Born abroad2.4 points
3.8%
6.2%
Born outside the EU1.8 points
2.7%
4.5%

Money and work

Disposable income per person8.2%
€8,862
€8,187
Average net income27.8%
€11,177
€8,748
Take-home pay, average-wage worker4.1%
€14,450
€13,877
Gross pay, average-wage worker27.4%
€18,622
€23,722
Minimum wage33.1%
€620
€825
In work, age 20 to 648.0 points
77.0%
69.0%
Out of work2.6 points
3.5%
6.1%
Hours worked a week0.1 hours
39.9 hours
40.0 hours
At risk of poverty2.8 points
21.2%
18.4%
Housing costs over 40% of income1.9 points
6.9%
5.0%
GDP per person10.5%
€18,060
€19,960

Family and home

People at home13.6%
2.2
2.5
Households with children5.4 points
28.7%
34.1%
Children per woman23.7%
1.72
1.39
Own their home7.1 points
86.1%
93.2%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds19.1%
870 per 100,000 people
731 per 100,000 people
Doctors22.5%
467 per 100,000 people
381 per 100,000 people
Nurses68.8%
467 per 100,000 people
789 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree16.2 points
35.7%
19.5%
Students per 1,000 people6.3%
30.4 per 1,000 people
28.6 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them26.0%
€6,370
€8,028
Tax raised per person7.9%
€4,950
€5,339
Government debt29.4 points
29.9%
59.3%

Country and infrastructure

Land area2.15×
110,996 km²
238,398 km²
Railway density23.8%
36.6 per 1,000 km²
45.3 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density58.4%
7.7 per 1,000 km²
4.9 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people10.0%
507 per 1,000 people
461 per 1,000 people
Households with internet2.7 points
92.8%
95.5%
Tourist nights per resident2.75×
4.29
1.56

Environment

Renewable energy2.9 points
22.7%
25.6%
Land under forest6.3 points
36.0%
29.7%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Bulgaria

Romania

Function
Bulgaria
Romania
7.5%
13.5%
3.3%
3.8%
7.1%
6.5%
14.9%
15.6%
1.6%
2.0%
2.6%
3.5%
13.7%
12.0%
1.8%
2.5%
10.9%
9.3%
36.8%
31.4%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Bulgaria and Romania

  1. Where do more people live: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 2.96×: Romania 19m, Bulgaria 6.4m. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. Eurostat · People & Women in the population · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which covers more ground: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 2.15×: Romania 238,398, Bulgaria 110,996. Total area of the country, inland water included. Eurostat · Land area & People per square kilometre · 2026. See the figure

  3. Which government owes more: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 29.4 points: Romania 59.3%, Bulgaria 29.9%. Consolidated gross debt of the general government, against GDP. Eurostat · Government debt · 2025. See the figure

  4. Where do more adults hold a degree: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 16.2 points: Bulgaria 35.7%, Romania 19.5%. Share of adults whose highest completed education is a university or other tertiary degree. Eurostat · With a degree · 2025. See the figure

  5. Where is unemployment higher: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 2.6 points: Romania 6.1%, Bulgaria 3.5%. Share of 15 to 74 year olds in the labour force who are without work and looking for it. Eurostat · Out of work · 2025. See the figure

  6. Where were more residents born abroad: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 2.4 points: Romania 6.2%, Bulgaria 3.8%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. Eurostat · Born abroad & Born outside the EU · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where do housing costs eat more of the income: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 1.9 points: Bulgaria 6.9%, Romania 5.0%. Share whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income. Eurostat · Housing costs over 40% of income · 2025. See the figure

  8. Where are more children born per woman: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 23.7%: Bulgaria 1.72, Romania 1.39. Children a woman would bear over her life at today’s age-specific birth rates. Eurostat · Children per woman & Age at first child · 2024. See the figure

  9. Where are there more doctors per 100,000 people: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 22.5%: Bulgaria 467, Romania 381. Practising doctors, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Doctors · 2024. See the figure

  10. Which has more forest: Bulgaria or Romania?

    The gap is 6.3 points: Bulgaria 36.0%, Romania 29.7%. Share of the land area under forest. Eurostat · Land under forest · 2025. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.