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Romania and Bulgaria

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Romania

Bulgaria

The widest gap is With a degree: Bulgaria 35.7% against Romania 19.5%, 16.2 points apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Romania
Bulgaria

People

Median age3.2 years
44.1 years
47.3 years
Life expectancy at birth0.7 years
76.5 years
75.8 years
People2.96×
19m
6.4m
People per square kilometre39.0%
81.3 per km²
58.5 per km²
Women in the population0.7 points
51.2%
51.9%
Born abroad2.4 points
6.2%
3.8%
Born outside the EU1.8 points
4.5%
2.7%

Money and work

Disposable income per person8.2%
€8,187
€8,862
Average net income27.8%
€8,748
€11,177
Take-home pay, average-wage worker4.1%
€13,877
€14,450
Gross pay, average-wage worker27.4%
€23,722
€18,622
Minimum wage33.1%
€825
€620
In work, age 20 to 648.0 points
69.0%
77.0%
Out of work2.6 points
6.1%
3.5%
Hours worked a week0.1 hours
40.0 hours
39.9 hours
At risk of poverty2.8 points
18.4%
21.2%
Housing costs over 40% of income1.9 points
5.0%
6.9%
GDP per person10.5%
€19,960
€18,060

Family and home

People at home13.6%
2.5
2.2
Households with children5.4 points
34.1%
28.7%
Children per woman23.7%
1.39
1.72
Own their home7.1 points
93.2%
86.1%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds19.1%
731 per 100,000 people
870 per 100,000 people
Doctors22.5%
381 per 100,000 people
467 per 100,000 people
Nurses68.8%
789 per 100,000 people
467 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree16.2 points
19.5%
35.7%
Students per 1,000 people6.3%
28.6 per 1,000 people
30.4 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them26.0%
€8,028
€6,370
Tax raised per person7.9%
€5,339
€4,950
Government debt29.4 points
59.3%
29.9%

Country and infrastructure

Land area2.15×
238,398 km²
110,996 km²
Railway density23.8%
45.3 per 1,000 km²
36.6 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density58.4%
4.9 per 1,000 km²
7.7 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people10.0%
461 per 1,000 people
507 per 1,000 people
Households with internet2.7 points
95.5%
92.8%
Tourist nights per resident2.75×
1.56
4.29

Environment

Renewable energy2.9 points
25.6%
22.7%
Land under forest6.3 points
29.7%
36.0%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Romania

Bulgaria

Function
Romania
Bulgaria
13.5%
7.5%
3.8%
3.3%
6.5%
7.1%
15.6%
14.9%
2.0%
1.6%
3.5%
2.6%
12.0%
13.7%
2.5%
1.8%
9.3%
10.9%
31.4%
36.8%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Romania and Bulgaria

  1. Where do more people live: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 2.96×: Romania 19m, Bulgaria 6.4m. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. Eurostat · People & Women in the population · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which covers more ground: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 2.15×: Romania 238,398, Bulgaria 110,996. Total area of the country, inland water included. Eurostat · Land area & People per square kilometre · 2026. See the figure

  3. Where do more adults hold a degree: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 16.2 points: Bulgaria 35.7%, Romania 19.5%. Share of adults whose highest completed education is a university or other tertiary degree. Eurostat · With a degree · 2025. See the figure

  4. Which government owes more: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 29.4 points: Romania 59.3%, Bulgaria 29.9%. Consolidated gross debt of the general government, against GDP. Eurostat · Government debt · 2025. See the figure

  5. Where is unemployment higher: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 2.6 points: Romania 6.1%, Bulgaria 3.5%. Share of 15 to 74 year olds in the labour force who are without work and looking for it. Eurostat · Out of work · 2025. See the figure

  6. Where were more residents born abroad: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 2.4 points: Romania 6.2%, Bulgaria 3.8%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. Eurostat · Born abroad & Born outside the EU · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where do housing costs eat more of the income: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 1.9 points: Bulgaria 6.9%, Romania 5.0%. Share whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income. Eurostat · Housing costs over 40% of income · 2025. See the figure

  8. Where are more children born per woman: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 23.7%: Bulgaria 1.72, Romania 1.39. Children a woman would bear over her life at today’s age-specific birth rates. Eurostat · Children per woman & Age at first child · 2024. See the figure

  9. Which has more forest: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 6.3 points: Bulgaria 36.0%, Romania 29.7%. Share of the land area under forest. Eurostat · Land under forest · 2025. See the figure

  10. Where are there more hospital beds per 100,000 people: Romania or Bulgaria?

    The gap is 19.1%: Bulgaria 870, Romania 731. Beds available in hospitals, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Hospital beds · 2024. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.