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Germany and Luxembourg

The same question asked of every column. Numbers that break down by age or sex follow the controls; the rest stay country-wide and say so.

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Germany

Luxembourg

The widest gap is Public spending on them: Luxembourg €64,412 against Germany €25,639, 2.51× apart.

Ageall ages
Sex

One question per row

The faint tick on each bar is the EU27 figure.

Figure
Germany
Luxembourg

People

Median age5.7 years
45.5 years
39.8 years
Life expectancy at birth2.0 years
81.2 years
83.2 years
People122.55×
83.6m
682k
People per square kilometre11.5%
237 per km²
264 per km²
Women in the population0.9 points
50.7%
49.7%
Born abroad31.0 points
20.5%
51.5%
Born outside the EU6.0 points
13.0%
19.0%

Money and work

Disposable income per person73.2%
€28,891
€50,046
Average net income79.1%
€33,324
€59,681
Take-home pay, average-wage worker52.9%
€36,535
€55,877
Gross pay, average-wage worker44.4%
€58,008
€83,760
Minimum wage18.3%
€2,343
€2,771
In work, age 20 to 647.2 points
81.1%
73.9%
Out of work2.7 points
3.8%
6.5%
Hours worked a week3.0 hours
35.0 hours
38.0 hours
At risk of poverty1.3 points
16.1%
14.8%
Housing costs over 40% of income3.1 points
11.2%
8.1%
GDP per person2.40×
€54,240
€130,300

Family and home

People at home15.0%
2.0
2.3
Households with children7.6 points
23.4%
31.0%
Children per woman8.8%
1.36
1.25
Own their home16.9 points
47.2%
64.1%

Health and daily life

Hospital beds93.7%
759 per 100,000 people
392 per 100,000 people
Doctors67.7%
476 per 100,000 people
284 per 100,000 people
Nurses2.4%
1,237 per 100,000 people
1,208 per 100,000 people

Education

With a degree20.3 points
35.4%
55.7%
Students per 1,000 people3.16×
39.2 per 1,000 people
12.4 per 1,000 people

Public spending

Public spending on them2.51×
€25,639
€64,412
Tax raised per person2.62×
€21,194
€55,503
Government debt37.0 points
63.5%
26.5%

Country and infrastructure

Land area137.79×
357,569 km²
2,595 km²
Railway density4.8%
109.8 per 1,000 km²
104.8 per 1,000 km²
Motorway density72.7%
37.4 per 1,000 km²
64.6 per 1,000 km²
Cars per 1,000 people12.6%
593 per 1,000 people
668 per 1,000 people
Households with internet5.5 points
93.6%
99.1%
Tourist nights per resident4.0%
5.27
5.48

Environment

Renewable energy3.7 points
23.9%
20.2%
Land under forest1.8 points
32.5%
34.3%

Where €100 of public spending goes

Every euro each general government spends, sorted into the ten functions all 27 countries report against. Open a row for the ranking of 27 and what sits inside it.

Germany

Luxembourg

Function
Germany
Luxembourg
13.0%
11.5%
2.7%
2.1%
3.3%
2.9%
11.0%
12.1%
1.2%
2.5%
1.0%
1.6%
15.4%
11.8%
2.2%
2.8%
9.1%
10.5%
41.3%
42.2%

Reference year 2024. Total public spending €100.00 in every column, so the ten shares always add up to one hundred.

Frequently asked: Germany and Luxembourg

  1. Where do more people live: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 122.55×: Germany 83.6m, Luxembourg 682k. People usually resident in the country on 1 January. Eurostat · People & Women in the population · 2025. See the figure

  2. Which covers more ground: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 137.79×: Germany 357,569, Luxembourg 2,595. Total area of the country, inland water included. Eurostat · Land area & People per square kilometre · 2026. See the figure

  3. Where are there more university students per 1,000 people: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 3.16×: Germany 39.2, Luxembourg 12.4. People in higher education, per 1,000 residents. Eurostat · University students & Students per 1,000 people · 2024. See the figure

  4. Where is more tax raised per resident: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 2.62×: Luxembourg €55,503, Germany €21,194. Taxes and net social contributions received by general government, per resident. Eurostat · Tax raised per person · 2025. See the figure

  5. Where were more residents born abroad: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 31.0 points: Luxembourg 51.5%, Germany 20.5%. Share of residents born in another country. Eurostat records country of birth, not ethnicity. Eurostat · Born abroad & Born outside the EU · 2025. See the figure

  6. Which government spends more per resident: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 2.51×: Luxembourg €64,412, Germany €25,639. Total general government expenditure divided by the population: all levels of government together. Eurostat · Public spending by function · 2025. See the figure

  7. Where is GDP per person higher: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 2.40×: Luxembourg €130,300, Germany €54,240. Gross domestic product at current market prices, divided by the population. Eurostat · GDP per person · 2025. See the figure

  8. Where are there more hospital beds per 100,000 people: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 93.7%: Germany 759, Luxembourg 392. Beds available in hospitals, per 100,000 residents. Eurostat · Hospital beds · 2025. See the figure

  9. Where do more people own their home: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 16.9 points: Luxembourg 64.1%, Germany 47.2%. Share of people living in a home owned by their household, mortgaged or outright. Eurostat · Own their home · 2025. See the figure

  10. Where does more energy come from renewables: Germany or Luxembourg?

    The gap is 3.7 points: Germany 23.9%, Luxembourg 20.2%. Share of final energy use that comes from renewable sources. Eurostat · Renewable energy · 2025. See the figure

Medians where possible, per-capita averages for spending. This person is a composite of published statistics, not the most common person in the country.